Unlock Problem-Solving with Mental Models!
Do you also feel trapped when solving some problem? Mental models can be your secret tool! They help you see the world in new ways, solve problems better, and make smarter choices. Let’s explore what mental models are and learn about nine great ones to help you think clearly.
What Are Mental Models?
Mental models are like shortcuts for your mind. The processes to try that can help you in taking better decisions. Imagine them as tools in a toolbox—more tools mean you can solve more problems! Let’s look at nine helpful models:
9 Key Mental Models for Smarter Thinking
1. The Map is Not the Territory A map shows places, but it’s not the actual place. Similarly, our ideas about something might not be the full picture. Before making decisions, look deeper to see the real details, not just your first impression.
Example: Financial reports show numbers, but they don’t tell the whole story of a company. You need to dig deeper.
2. Circle of Competence This model teaches us to know what we are good at and what we don’t know. When you face a problem outside your skills, it’s better to ask an expert.
Example: If you’re great at math but not good at cooking, don’t try complicated recipes without help.
3. Second-Order Thinking Most people only think about what happens right now. Second-order thinking means to also thing about the decisions if taken now what will be the effect of it in the long run.
Example: In India, a reward was given for catching cobras. People started breeding cobras to get the reward, which made the problem worse.
Advanced Problem-Solving Models
4. Probabilistic Thinking Instead of thinking something will definitely happen, think about how likely it is. This helps you make better choices.
Example: If the chance of a car being stolen is 0.02%, it’s very low. Probabilistic thinking helps us stay calm and not overreact.
5. Inversion Instead of only thinking about success, think about what could cause failure and try to avoid it.
Example: When planning a trip, don’t just think about what to pack. Also, consider what might go wrong (like rain) and prepare for it.
6. Occam’s Razor The best answer is often the simplest one. Start with the easiest explanation before trying complicated ideas.
Example: If you have a headache, it’s probably because you didn’t drink enough water, not because of a serious illness.
Models for Better Decision-Making
7. Hanlon’s Razor Don’t assume people are being mean if they might just be making a mistake.
Example: If a friend doesn’t reply to your message, they might just be busy, not ignoring you.
8. Reciprocity People often treat you the same way they were treated by you/ If you’re kind, they’ll usually be kind back.
Example: Helping a classmate with homework can lead them to help you next time.
9. Activation Energy Getting started can be the hardest part of a task. Just like in science, some tasks need an extra push to get going.
Example: If you have a big project, start with one small task to get the momentum going.
How to Use Mental Models
These models are tools to help you solve problems and make good decisions. After enough practice you will get good at it.
Tips:
• Start with one or two models and try using them in real life.
• Don’t rely on just one model. Use different ones for different problems.
FAQ
Q: How can I start using mental models?
A: Pick one or two that you like and try them out in everyday situations. As you get better, add more.
Q: Can I use these models with friends?
A: Yes! Sharing these ideas with your friends or family can help everyone make better decisions.
Q: Where can I learn more about mental models?
A: You can find more information in books or online. A great blog to learn from is the Farnam Street blog (fs.blog).
